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    Research & Analysis
  • Research & Analysis
    Qin Zuzhi, Dong Chuntao, Yan Zhiyuan, Zheng Yinfu
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Taking a PG9351FA gas turbine combined cycle unit as the research object, the unit model was established based on Thermoflex software. The performance of unit under full load and constant load conditions was calculated respectively, and the key parameters of the system were analysed. Results show that, compared with the full load condition and the constant load condition, the increase of ambient temperature has the same effect on the efficiencies of steam turbine, waste heat boiler and combined cycle, but the difference on the efficiency of gas turbine is significant. When the combined cycle unit is operating under constant load condition, a suitable low-grade heat source can be used to improve the inlet air temperature of the gas turbine, so as to improve the efficiency of the gas turbine. At the same time, the back pressure of steam turbine can be reduced to improve the performance of steam turbine by cold end optimization and other measures.
  • Research & Analysis
    Xiao Chengzhe, Xu Jiamin
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    To investigate the influence of random variables, such as structural dimensions, material property parameters, and temperatures, on the equivalent stress of steam turbine rotor during material preparation, processing, installation and operation, taking the high pressure rotor in a 300 MW class steam turbine as the research object, the time and location of the maximum equivalent stress during cold start-up was obtained by calculating with finite element method. Meanwhile, combined with the randomness of variables, the relationship between the rotor maximum equivalent stress and the random variables was fitted with both of polynomial response surface method and support vector regression (SVR) response surface method, and analyses and comparisons were conducted on the fitting effects of above two methods. Additionally, the reliability of rotor equivalent stress and the sensitivity of various random variables during cold start-up process were investigated by Monte Carlo simulation method, while the sensitivity index order of six random variables including rotor radius, was determined. Results reveal that the fitting effect of SVR response surface method is better than that of polynomial response surface method, and the strength reliability indexes of above two response surface methods for the cold start-up curves are 96.99% and 94.16%, respectively. Among the six random variables, the elastic modulus of rotor material is identified as having the most significant impact on the equivalent stress of steam turbine rotor.
  • Research & Analysis
    Wen Zhe, Liu Kun, Zhao Wen
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    In view of the low power generation efficiency of refuse-fired generators set with mid-temperature and mid-pressure, the quality and efficiency improvement measures such as upgrading main steam parameters, adding reheat cycle and waste heat recovery and utilization device were researched. A 15 MW refuse-fired generators set was selected to analyse, according to mid-temperature and sub-high pressure scheme and mid-temperature, sub-high pressure and reheating scheme respectively, the performance parameters and economic benefit after transformation were analysed. Results show that, after the application of mid-temperature and sub-high pressure technology scheme, the mass of boiler heating surface increases by 9%, the power generation efficiency increases by 1.52 percentage points, the waste power generation increases by 43 kW·h/t, the transformation cost is about 20.05 million yuan, the cost of pipes replacement increases by 6.57 million yuan, the internal rate of return is 17.47%, and the investment payback time is 6.31 years. After the application of mid-temperature, sub-high pressure and reheating technology scheme, the mass of boiler heating surface increases by 24%, the power generation efficiency increases by 2.35 percentage points, the waste power generation increases by 64 kW·h/t, the transformation cost is 24.90 million yuan, the cost of pipes replacement increases by 13.63 million yuan, the internal rate of return is 21.53%, and the investment payback time is 5.15 years. The research results can provide some reference for the application of reconstruction engineering for refuse-fired generators set with mid-temperature and mid-pressure.
  • Research & Analysis
    Zhu Zhongxu, Chen Siyu, Jin Yuqi
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    In a continuous feeding fixed bed furnace, researches were conducted on the influence of simulated rural solids with different component proportions on the producing characteristics of pyrolysis gas and tar. Experimental results show that, compared with single component, the pyrolysis of rural solid waste with mixed components is more conducive to promoting the sufficient cracking of materials, reducing the tar production, and improving the cold gas efficiency (CGE) when the pyrolysis temperature is 800 ℃. The pyrolysis with mixed components can reduce the content of O element and corrosivity of tar, while the presence of chlorine-containing substance (polyvinyl chloride in this paper) could effectively promote the decomposition of functional groups containing N or S element in pyrolysis tar, which ensures that tar has a higher heat value and a better stability. The pyrolysis with mixed components is effective in reducing heterocyclic and alicyclic compounds in tar, but the proportion change of chain compounds and aromatic compounds is related to the component proportions of simulated rural solid waste.
  • Research & Analysis
    Wang Qiancheng, Lu Yonghao, Shi Xin, Yang Zhi, Jian Yuxiang
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    In response to the problems existing in the original deep coupled waste heat utilization system of a 660 MW coal-fired unit, the reasons for the failure to achieve the design goals of the system were analysed. Four optimization and renovation schemes were strategically adopted, including the optimization of bypass flue, the optimization of water intake position for condensate heat exchanger, the optimization of recirculation pipeline and adding a water side bypass for the flue gas cooler. The final optimization and renovation effect was calculated and analysed in detail. Results show that, after the optimization, the proportion of bypass flue gas volume increases to 13.5%, the inlet water temperature of the condensate heat exchanger can be stabilized at 70 ℃ for a long time, and the steam consumption of the auxiliary steam heat exchanger is basically reduced to 0. After optimization, the system is put into operation to reduce the net coal consumption rate of the unit by 2.73 g/(kW·h).
  • Research & Analysis
    Wei Yingqiang, Wang Xiang, Long Jiankang, Wang Shujing
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    The no load commissioning test should be conducted on an industrial back pressure steam turbine after manufacturing stage according to technology agreement, while there is a distinct difference between the commissioning tests of back pressure and condensing steam turbines from the aspects of process and scheme. Combined with an actual application, researches were carried out for the process and scheme of no load commissioning test of the back pressure steam turbine, and key and difficult points of actual commissioning test were analysed. This may serve as a reference for the no load commissioning test in similar back pressure steam turbines.
  • Research & Analysis
    Zhang Shenghua, Zhong Jiahuang, Dong Meirong
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    For a heat and power cogeneration unit, analyses were conducted on energy efficiency characteristics based on adaptive multi-level filtering fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm with the optimal clustering number. Through improving the traditional clustering algorithm, an adaptive optimal clustering method was proposed based on multi-level strict screening mechanism, so as to obtain the energy efficiency characteristics of unit under different load conditions. The curves of unit operation characteristics were fitted by least squares method, while comparisons and analyses were carried out based on the surfaces of unit operation energy efficiency characteristics from Newton interpolation algorithm. Results show that, the unit performances have certain differences with different external constraints. From the surfaces of energy efficiency characteristics, the difference between the energy efficiency characteristics of two units under different loads and the load condition with a better operation performance of each unit can be visually displayed. Under the condition of 225 MW electric load and 72.5-88.5 t/h heat load (heat-supply steam mass flow rate), the net coal consumption rate of No.1 unit is higher than that of No.2 unit, and with the increase of heat load, the difference in coal consumption rate firstly increases and then decreases. Therefore, No.2 unit can be prioritized to operate under low load condition.
  • Research & Analysis
    Shi Jinyuan, Jiang Luyi, Xu Wangren, Zhou Xia, Zhou Hong, Gao Yunpeng
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    The method of statistical analysis for the reliability of nuclear power units was proposed, and the meaning and computational formula for five reliability characteristic quantities of nuclear power units were introduced. The weighted arithmetic means of reliability characteristic quantities of nuclear power units were presented, while following items of 1 000 MW class nuclear power units in China and America from 2008 to 2022 were given, namely the statistic results of reliability, the calculation results of weighted arithmetic means of reliability characteristic quantities, and the change curves of reliability characteristic quantities. Results show that, for 1 000 MW class nuclear power units in China, the availability, reliability and maintainability in general, all present a trend of increase, while the equivalent availability factor of 1 000 MW class nuclear power units from 2008 to 2022 in China is 1.81 percentage points higher than that in America.
  • Material Technology
  • Material Technology
    Dong Peng, Sheng Jingui, Tian Chengchuan
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    The spiral tube of the water wall of a supercritical boiler was leaked in many places. After sampling the leakage tube, the macroscopic examination, chemical composition, metallographic structure and tensile properties were analysed. Results show that, the original leakage point is located in the fusion zone of the water wall tube fin weld, which is caused by a large number of welding defects in the fin weld. The leakage of steam water blows adjacent pipe. The adjacent pipe appears multiple secondary leakage points, and the medium flow rate in adjacent pipe is reduced, resulting in short-term overheating in the downstream area of the secondary leakage points. It is recommended that the welding quality of fin welds should be strictly controlled and checked.
  • Auxiliary Equipment Technology
  • Auxiliary Equipment Technology
    Tang Jian, Xuan Tingxin, Zhou Huiyou
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    Based on the investigation and analysis of the imported hydraulic actuator of gas fuel control valve in gas turbine, and combined with considerable experience in use and design, a 100% domestically produced hydraulic actuator for gas turbine gas fuel control valve has been newly developed. The principle design of the hydraulic actuator of gas fuel control valve was emphatically introduced, and the frequency response of the hydraulic actuator was simulated and analysed by building a simulation model. After which, the reliability verification and multiple performance tests were carried out for the hydraulic actuator with an established test system. Simulation and test results indicate that, the performance of the domestically produced hydraulic actuator for gas turbine gas fuel control valve is superior to that of the imported actuator in many aspects. The successful development of hydraulic actuator sample for gas turbine gas fuel control valve has broken through the localization problem.
  • Operation & Retrofit
  • Operation & Retrofit
    Kang Kewei, Jin Xianxing, Ni Song, Wen Xiaohao, Li Pei, Zhou Yonggang
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    To address the issue of large heat absorption deviation between the left and right of the high-temperature superheater in a 660 MW boiler, an initial attempt was made to apply the self-correcting method used in another boiler of the same power plant. This involved studying the relationship between the damper opening deviation of the separated overfire air (SOFA) and steam temperature deviation. When this approach did not achieve the expected results, the failure causes were further analysed. By coupling the SOFA damper horizontal swinging angle and opening deviation, the relationship between these factors and the steam temperature deviation on the left and right of the boiler was established successfully. Results show that, adjusting the SOFA damper horizontal swinging angle can effectively change the thrust distribution on the left and right of the furnace incircle. Adjusting the opening of SOFA dampers on the upper three layers, it is found that when the opening of the left dampers increases and the opening of the right dampers decreases, the heat absorption increases on the left side and decreases on the right side, which makes the steam temperature deviation between the two sides of the superheater decrease firstly and then stabilize gradually with the adjustment of SOFA damper opening deviation. The implementation of the self-correcting optimization control system, which couples the SOFA damper horizontal swinging angle and opening deviation, successfully achieves self-correcting control of the boiler steam temperature.